References
American Cancer Society. (2008). Cancer facts and figures 2008. Atlanta, GA: Author.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Breast and cervical cancer screening among Korean women—Santa Clara County, California, 1994 and 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(33), 765-767.
Champion, V. L. (1999). Revised susceptibility, benefits, and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in Nursing and Health, 22(4), 341-348.
Champion, V. L., Maraj, M., Hui, S., Perkins, A. J., Tierney, W., Menon, U., et al. (2003). Comparison of tailored interventions to increase mammography screening in nonadherent older women. Preventive Medicine, 36(2), 150-158.
Champion, V. L., & Menon, U. (1997). Predicting mammography and breast self-examination in African American women. Cancer Nursing, 20(5), 315-322.
Champion, V. L., Ray, D. W., Heilman, D. K., & Springston, J. K. (2000). A tailored intervention for mammography among low-income African American women. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 18(4), 1-13.
Champion, V. L., & Scott, C. R. (1997). Reliability and validity of breast cancer screening belief scales in African American women. Nursing Research, 46(6), 331-337.
Champion, V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2003). Differences in perceptions of risk, benefits, and barriers by stage of mammography adoption. Journal of Women's Health, 12(3), 277-286.
Champion, V. L., Skinner, C. S., Hui, S., Monahan, P., Juliar, B., Daggy, J., et al. (2007). The effect of telephone versus print tailoring for mammography adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 65(3), 416-423.
Champion, V. L., Skinner, C. S., Menon, U., Rawl, S., Giesler, R. B., Monahan, P., et al. (2004). A breast cancer fear scale: Psychometric development. Journal of Health Psychology, 9(6), 753-762.
Champion, V. L., Skinner, C. S., Menon, U., Seshadri, R., Anzalone, D. C., & Rawl, S. M. (2002). Comparisons of tailored mammography interventions at two months postintervention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(3), 211-218.
Chang, Y. (1983). Women in a Confucian society: The case of Chosun Dynasty Korea (1392-1910). In E. Y. Yu & E. H. Phillips (Eds.), Traditional thoughts and practices in Korea (pp. 63-93). Los Angeles: Center for Korean American and Korean Studies.
Consedine, N. S., Magai, C., & Neugut, A. I. (2004). The contribution of emotional characteristics to breast cancer screening among women from six ethnic groups. Preventive Medicine, 38(1), 64-77.
Deapen, D., Liu, L., Perkins, C., Bernstein, L., & Ross, R. K. (2002). Rapidly rising breast cancer incidence rates among Asian American women. International Journal of Cancer, 99(5), 747-750.
Gomez, S. L., Le, G. M., Clarke, C. A., Glaser, S. L., France, A. M., & West, D. W. (2003). Cancer incidence patterns in Koreans in the United States and in Kangwha, South Korea. Cancer Causes and Control, 14(2), 167-174.
Ham, O. K. (2006). Factors affecting mammography behavior and intention among Korean women. Oncology Nursing Forum, 33(1), 113-119.
Han, Y., William, R. D., & Harrison, R. A. (2000). Breast cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Korean American women. Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(10), 1585-1591.
Hedeen, A. N., White, E., & Taylor, V. (1999). Ethnicity and birthplace in relation to tumor size and stage in Asian American women with breast cancer. American Journal of Public Health, 89(8), 1248-1252.
Hurh, W. M., & Kim, K. C. (1984). Korean immigrants in America. Rutherford, NJ: Associated University Press.
Juniper, K. C., Oman, R. F., Hamm, R. M., & Kerby, D. S. (2004). The relationships among constructs in the health belief model and the transtheoretical model among African American college women for physical activity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(5), 354-357.
Juon, H. S., Choi, S., Klassen, A., & Roter, D. (2006). Impact of breast cancer screening intervention on Korean American women in Maryland. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 30(3), 297-305.
Juon, H. S., Choi, Y., & Kim, M. T. (2000). Cancer screening behaviors among Korean American women. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 24(6), 589-601.
Juon, H. S., Kim, M., Shankar, S., & Han, W. (2004). Predictors of adherence to screening mammography among Korean American women. Preventive Medicine, 39(3), 474-481.
Juon, H. S., Seo, Y. J., & Kim, M. T. (2002). Breast and cervical cancer screening among Korean American elderly women. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 6(4), 228-235.
Kandula, N. R., Wen, M., Jacobs, E. A., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2006). Low rates of colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening in Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites: Cultural influences or access to care? Cancer, 107(1), 184-192.
Kendall, L. (1988). Healing thyself: A Korean shaman's afflictions. Social Science and Medicine, 27(5), 445-450.
Kim, K. I. (1972). Traditional attitudes on illness in Korea. Modern Medicine, 15(1), 49-51.
Kim, Y. H., & Sarna, L. (2004). An intervention to increase mammography use by Korean American women. Oncology Nursing Forum, 31(1), 105-110.
Kobetz, E., Vatalaro, K., Moore, A., & Earp, J. A. (2005). Taking the transtheoretical model into the field: A curriculum for lay health advisors. Health Promotion Practice, 6(3), 329-337.
Lee, E. E., Fogg, L. F., & Sadler, G. R. (2006). Factors of breast cancer screening among Korean immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 8(3), 223-233.
Lee, S. K., Sobal, J., & Frongillo, E. A. (2000). Acculturation and health in Korean Americans. Social Science and Medicine, 51(2), 159-173.
Lew, A. A., Moskowitz, J. M., Ngo, L., Wismer, B. A., Wong, J. M., Ahn, Y., et al. (2003). Effects of provider status on preventive screening among Korean American women in Alameda County, California. Preventive Medicine, 36(2), 141-149.
Maxwell, A. E., Bastani, R., & Warda, U. S. (2000). Demographic predictors of cancer screening among Filipino and Korean immigrants in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(1), 62-68.
Mayo, R. M., Ureda J. R., & Parker, V. G. (2001). Importance of fatalism in understanding mammography screening in rural elderly women. Journal of Women and Aging, 13(1), 57-72.
McCracken, M., Olsen, M., Chen, M. S., Jemal, A., Thun, M., Cokkinides, V., et al. (2007). Cancer incidence, mortality, and associated risk factors among Asian Americans of Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese ethnicities. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 57(4), 190-205.
Menon, U., Belue, R., Skinner, C. S., Rothwell, B. E., & Champion, V. (2007). Perceptions of colon cancer screening by stage of screening test adoption. Cancer Nursing, 30(3), 178-185.
Menon, U., Champion, V. L., Larkin, G. N., Zollinger, T. W., Gerde, P. M., & Vernon, S. W. (2003). Beliefs associated with fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy use at a worksite colon cancer screening program. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45(8), 891-898.
Menon, U., Champion, V. L., Monahan, P. O., Daggy, J., Hui, S., & Skinner, C. S. (2007). Health belief model variables as predictors of progression in stage of mammography adoption. American Journal of Health Promotion, 21(4), 255-261.
Min, P. G. (1992). The structure and social functions of Korean immigrant churches in the United States. International Migration Review, 26(4), 1370-1394.
Moskowitz, J. M., Kazinets, G., Wong, J. M., & Tager, I. B. (2007). "Health is strength": A community health education program to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among Korean American Women in Alameda County, California. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 31(2), 173-183.
Olsen, S. J., & Frank-Stromborg, M. (1993). Cancer prevention and early detection in ethnically diverse populations. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 9(3), 198-209.
Osburn, H. G. (2000). Coefficient alpha and related internal consistency reliability coefficients. Psychological Methods, 5(3), 343-355.
Par, I. S., & Cho, L. J. (1995). Confucianism and the Korean family. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26(1), 117-134.
Park, S. I. (1987). Rural Korean housewives' attitudes toward illness. Yonsei Medical Journal, 28(2), 105-111.
Phillips, J. M., Cohen, M. Z., & Moses, G. (1999). Breast cancer screening and African American women: Fear, fatalism, and silence. Oncology Nursing Forum, 26(3), 561-571.
Powe, B. D. (1995). Cancer fatalism among elderly Caucasians and African Americans. Oncology Nursing Forum, 22(9), 1355-1359.
Prieto, A. J. (1992). A method for translation of instruments to other languages. Adult Education Quarterly, 43(1), 1-14.
Prochaska, J. O., Redding, C. A., & Evers, K. E. (2002). The transtheoretical model and stages of change. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & F. M. Lewis (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 99-120). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(1), 38-48.
Rakowski, W., Ehrich, B., Goldstein, M. G., Rimer, B. K., Pearlman, D. N., Clark, M. A., et al. (1998). Increasing mammography among women aged 40-74 by use of a stage-matched, tailored intervention. Preventive Medicine, 27(5), 748-756.
Russell, K. M., Monahan, P., Wagle, A., & Champion, V. (2007). Differences in health and cultural beliefs by stage of mammography screening adoption in African American women. Cancer, 109(2, Suppl.), 386-395.
Sadler, G. R., Ryujin, L. T., Ko, C. M., & Nguyen, E. (2001). Korean women: Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. BMC Public Health, 1(1), 7-12.
Sarna, L., Tae, Y. S., Kim, Y. H., Brecht, M. L., & Maxwell, A. E. (2001). Cancer screening among Korean Americans. Cancer Practice, 9(3), 134-140.
Shin, H., Kim, M. T., Juon, H. S., Kim, J., & Kim, K. B. (2000). Patterns and factors associated with health care utilization among Korean American elderly. Asian American and Pacific Islander Journal of Health, 8(2), 116-129.
Skinner, C. S., Arfken, C. L., & Sykes, R. K. (1998). Knowledge, perceptions, and mammography stage of adoption among older urban women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(1), 54-63.
Skinner, C. S., Champion, V. L., Gonin, R., & Hanna, M. (1997). Do perceived barriers and benefits vary by mammography stage? Psychology, Health, and Medicine, 2(1), 65-75.
Sohn, L., & Harada, N. D. (2005). Knowledge and use of preventive health practices among Korean women in Los Angeles County. Preventive Medicine, 41(1), 167-178.
Spencer, L., Pagell, F., & Adams, T. (2005). Applying the transtheoretical model to cancer screening behavior. American Journal of Health Behavior, 29(1), 36-56.
Stoddard, A. M., Rimer, B. K., Lane, D., Fox, S. A., Lipkus, I., Luckmann, R., et al. (1998). Underusers of mammogram screening: Stage of adoption in five U. S. subpopulations. The NCI Breast Cancer Screening Consortium. Preventive Medicine, 27(3), 478-487.
Suinn, R. M., Khoo, G., & Ahuna, C. (1995). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: Cross-cultural information. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23(3), 139-150.
Swan, J., Breen, N., Coates, R. J., Rimer, B. K., & Lee, N. C. (2003). Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States: Results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer, 97(6), 1528-1540.
Tang, T. S., Solomon, L. J., & McCracken, L. M. (2000). Cultural barriers to mammography, clinical breast examination, and breast self-exam among Chinese American women 60 and older. Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 575-583.
Tolma, E. L., Reininger, B. M., Evans, A., & Ureda, J. (2006). Examining the theory of planned behavior and the construct of self-efficacy to predict mammography intention. Health Education and Behavior, 33(2), 233-251.
U. S. Census Bureau. (2006). Selected population profile in the United States: American Community Survey. Retrieved March 11, 2008, from
http://factfinder.census.org
Velicer, W. F., Prochaska, J. O., & Redding, C. A. (2006). Tailored communications for smoking cessation: Past successes and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25(1), 49-57.
Wismer, B. A., Moskowitz, J. M., Min, K., Chen, A. M., Ahn, Y., Cho, S., et al. (2001). Interim assessment of a community intervention to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among Korean American women. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 7(2), 61-70.
Yu, M. Y., Hong, O. S., & Seetoo, A. D. (2003). Uncovering factors contributing to underutilization of breast cancer screening by Chinese and Korean women living in the United States. Ethnicity and Disease, 13(2), 213-219.
Ziegler, R. G., Hoover, R. N., Pike, M. C., Hildesheim, A., Nomura, A. M., West, D. W., et al. (1993). Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85(22), 1819-1827.