Meaning-Making and Psychological Adjustment to Cancer: Development of an Intervention and Pilot Results
Purpose/Objectives: To develop an intervention that uniquely addresses the existential impact of cancer through meaning-making coping strategies and to explore the intervention's impact on psychological adjustment.
Design: Descriptive, qualitative approach to develop the intervention; one-group pre- and post-test design to pilot test the intervention.
Setting: Patients' homes or ambulatory oncology clinics affiliated with a university health center in eastern Canada.
Sample: 18 participants who were newly diagnosed in the past three months (n = 14), had completed treatment (n = 1), or were facing recurrence (n = 3) of breast (n = 10) or colorectal (n = 8) cancer.
Methods: Data were collected during interviews using a prototype intervention for trauma patients, and content was analyzed on an ongoing basis to fit the needs of the cancer population. Pretest and post-test questionnaires were administered to determine the intervention's effect.
Main Research Variables: Meaning-making intervention (MMI), patients' background variables, disease- or treatment-related symptoms, and psychological adjustment.
Findings: The MMI for patients with cancer consisted of as many as four two-hour, individualized sessions and involved the acknowledgment of losses and life threat, the examination of critical past challenges, and plans to stay committed to life goals. At post-test, participants significantly improved in self-esteem and reported a greater sense of security in facing the uncertainty of cancer.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that meaning-making coping can be facilitated and lead to positive psychological outcomes following a cancer diagnosis.
Implications for Nursing: The MMI offers a potentially effective and structured approach to address and monitor cancer-related existential issues. Findings are useful for designing future randomized, controlled trials.
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