Multicomponent Rehabilitative Intervention
Multicomponent rehabilitative intervention may be understood as an interdisciplinary service aimed at ameliorating physical impairments, preventing the development of physical impairments and restrictions in activity and role performance that develop in association with cancer pathology (e.g., muscle weakness, self-care limitations, vocational limitations, disfigurement, speech and swallowing abnormalities, social integration), and preserving and restoring functional capability needed for purposeful activity.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist (NK1)
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists are in a class of drug used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Aprepitant, casopitant, fosaprepitant, and rolapitant are NK1 drugs. In January 2018, the FDA posted a warning about Varubi® (rolapitant) injectable emulsion, which is used for prevention of delayed CINV in adults, and the risk of anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock and other serious hypersensitivity reactions.
Olive Oil
Olive oil is a fat obtained from olive trees and contains multiple components that help reduce inflammation. In addition to culinary and religious uses, olive oil has been used as a skin cleanser, moisturizer, and antibacterial agent.
Positive Expiratory Pressure and Self-Monitoring
Positive expiratory pressure involves breathing against an airway resistance provided by a flute-like device. This approach has been used for lung training and to open and clear airways. This intervention, along with patient self-monitoring of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), was evaluated for its effect on the development of pneumonia in high-risk patients with cancer. FEV1 monitoring was used for early detection of pulmonary deterioration, enabling early diagnostic testing and interventions as needed.
Preoperative Care Bundle
A care bundle is a set of evidence-based interventions provided simultaneously rather than as single interventions. A care bundle aimed at reducing the prevalence of postoperative pneumonia among patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer was tested. This bundle consisted of three breathing exercises, two oral care procedures, and nutritional care, and smoking cessation was taught to patients preoperatively for the prevention of infection.
Protective Isolation
Protective isolation was evaluated in patients with cancer and involved placing a patient in a single room and use of clean gowns, gloves, and masks for people entering the room as well as control of air quality. Protective isolation has been used for immunosuppressed patients with cancer for prevention of infection.
Risk Model-Based CINV Prophylaxis
Risk model based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis is the provision of an antiemetic regimen based on a combination of patient-centered factors as well as treatment factors for the determination of CINV risk. Individual risk scores for acute and delayed CINV are calculated according to predictors identified, including younger age, history of motion or morning sickness, low daily alcohol consumptions, patient expectation of having CINV, emesis in previous chemotherapy cycles, and receiving platinum- or anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Senna and Docusate
Senna, a stimulant laxative, is available as a liquid, powder, granules, and tablets to take orally.
Docusate calcium, docusate potassium, and docusate sodium are a part of the class of drugs known as stool softeners.
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation involves placement of electrodes in the epidural space by either an open surgical procedure or via epidural needles. The electrodes are connected to an impulse generator that is programmed to deliver impulses in either preset patterns or continuously in order to relieve pain. The mechanism of potential action is based on the gate control theory of pain perception. Spinal cord stimulation has been evaluated in patients with cancer for pain management.
Steroids for Immunotherapy-Related Dyspnea with Pneumonitis
Steroids are a type of compound that contains a characteristic chemical structure. Steroid drugs have anti-inflammatory activity. Systemic steroids have been used for the treatment of pneumonitis associated with immunotherapies. New onset or worsening dyspnea in patients receiving immunotherapy may indicate pneumonitis.