Transdermal Fentanyl
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic drug. The transdermal delivery system is intended to allow the passive diffusion of the medication over a long period of time while maintaining a constant therapeutic dose. Transdermal fentanyl has been evaluated for the management of chronic cancer-related pain. Transdermal fentanyl also has been examined in relation to opioids by other routes for its effect on opioid-related constipation.
Transdermal Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine is an opioid analgesic used to control moderate to severe chronic pain. This opioid is available in intravenous and sublingual forms; buprenorphine in a trandermal delivery system allows passive diffusion of a consistent dose of medication over a long period. Researchers have evaluated the effectiveness of transdermal buprenorphine for the management of chronic cancer pain.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)/Cutaneous Stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)/cutaneous stimulation is a process involving electrodes placed on the skin over muscles or nerves with a power device generating pulse widths of less than 70 mA (Forst, Nguyen, Forst, Disselhoff, Pohlmann, & Pfutzner, 2004). TENS specifically for patients with cancer has been studied related to pain management.
Transanal Drainage
Transanal drainage is used after an anterior resection for rectal cancer. A tube is inserted to help prevent anastomotic leakage and bleeding after surgery.
Tranexamic Acid
Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that is a derivative of lysine. It inhibits activation of pathways that breakdown fibrin, which is a component of blood clots. It is similar to aminocaproic acid. It has been used to control hemorrhage following surgery and post-partum, and in hemophilia treatment. Tranexamic acid alone and in combination with aminocaproic acid has been evaluated in patients with cancer for the prevention and control of bleeding.
Tramadol
Tramadol is an analgesic used to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol, which is in a class of medications called opiate agonists, is available as a tablet and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet to take by mouth.
Topical Ketamine Formulations
Topical formulations containing amitriptyline and ketamine have been tested for effects on patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. One of these formulations, BAK, also included baclofen.
Topical Anesthetics
The topical use of anesthetics consists of applying an anesthetic agent, such as lidocaine, to the skin or mucosa. In cancer care, topical anesthetics are used to reduce the acute pain of diagnostic procedures, such as biopsy, and postoperative incisions. Topical anesthetics have been examined in chronic pain as well
Tibolone
Tibolone is an anabolic steroid. Tibolone has been examined in the treatment of hot flashes.
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
TRH is a hormone that stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. TRH has been studied in patients with cancer for its effect on fatigue.